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Golden aging : prospects for healthy, active, and prosperous aging in Europe and Central Asia / / Maurizio Bussolo, Johannes Koettl, and Emily Sinnott
| Golden aging : prospects for healthy, active, and prosperous aging in Europe and Central Asia / / Maurizio Bussolo, Johannes Koettl, and Emily Sinnott |
| Autore | Bussolo Maurizio |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, District of Columbia : , : World Bank, , 2015 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (363 p.) |
| Disciplina | 332.1532 |
| Collana | Europe and Central Asia studies |
| Soggetto topico |
Aging - Economic aspects - Asia, Central
Population aging - Economic aspects - Europe Population aging - Economic aspects - Asia, Central Aging - Economic aspects - Europe |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN | 1-4648-0354-4 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover; Contents; About the Authors and Contributors; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Regional Classifications Used in This Report; Overview: Golden Aging; Introduction; Figures; O.1 The demographic drivers and economic consequences of aging create challenges and opportunities; The Demographics of Europe and Central Asia and Those of the Rest of the World; O.2 The intensity of policy agendas varies across countries; Boxes; O.1 How to Define Aging?; Maps; BO.1.1 People in Europe and Central Asia are older than in Western Europe when aging is measured by years of life remaining
O.3 The fertility transition in some countries in Europe and Central Asia is occurring much more rapidly than in advanced European countries O.4 Rapid aging is expected in Central Asia and Turkey over 2010-60; O.1 Populations are aging everywhere; O.5 60-year-old men in the Russian Federation, the Eastern Partnership, and the Baltic countries "feel" worse today (2009) than they did in 1959; Mixed Economic Consequences; O.2 Is Aging to Blame for the Dramatic Economic Slowdown in Japan?; Tables; BO.2.1 GDP Growth Decomposition, Japan, 1960's and 2000's O.6 As life expectancy increases, the gap in labor force participation rates between the young and the old narrows, 2005-11 O.7 The stock of human capital has expanded more than the size of the working-age population in Europe and Central Asia over the past 20 years; A Comprehensive Policy Agenda; O.1 Country Policy Challenges across Eight Indicators (z-score), around 2012; Notes; References; Part I: The Demographic Transition in Europe and Central Asia; Overview; The Demographic Transition and the "Golden Age"; The Effects of Fertility Declines on Aging across the Region High Rates of Disease and Disability in Europe and Central Asia Limiting the Rise in Dependency Ratios and Improving Health Outcomes in the Region; I.O.1 Age Cohorts as a Percentage of the Population in Selected Country Groupings, 2015; Migration Affects Demographics More in the Long Run; Reference; 1 The Drivers of Aging in Europe and Central Asia; Introduction; The Aging Populations of Europe and Central Asia; 1.1 Nearing the End of a Demographic Transition to Stable or Declining Populations in Europe; B1.1.1 Europe's population has stabilized after a period of unprecedented growth B1.1.2 Most European countries are at the late stage of the demographic transition The Effects of Declining Fertility on Aging and Population Growth; 1.1 Global Population Growth, 1500-2060; 1.1 Total fertility has declined to below the replacement rate in many countries; 1.2 The fertility transition in some countries in Europe and Central Asia is occurring much more rapidly than in advanced European countries; 1.2 Have People Had Fewer Children because of the 2008 Economic Crisis?; 1.3 A U-shaped relation is emerging between fertility and level of development 1.3 Why Fertility Is Higher in France Than in Germany |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910460696003321 |
Bussolo Maurizio
|
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| Washington, District of Columbia : , : World Bank, , 2015 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Hidden Potential : Rethinking Informality in South Asia
| Hidden Potential : Rethinking Informality in South Asia |
| Autore | Bussolo Maurizio |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D. C. : , : World Bank Publications, , 2023 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (355 pages) |
| Disciplina | 330 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | SharmaSiddharth |
| Collana | South Asia Development Forum |
| Soggetto topico |
Informal sector (Economics)
Informal sector (Economics) - Taxation - South Asia Informal sector (Economics) - South Asia |
| ISBN | 1-4648-1836-3 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Altri titoli varianti | Hidden Potential |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910838309103321 |
|
Bussolo Maurizio
|
||
| Washington, D. C. : , : World Bank Publications, , 2023 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Shared prosperity : paving the way in Europe and Central Asia / / Maurizio Bussolo and Luis F. Lopez-Calva
| Shared prosperity : paving the way in Europe and Central Asia / / Maurizio Bussolo and Luis F. Lopez-Calva |
| Autore | Bussolo Maurizio |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, District of Columbia : , : World Bank, , 2014 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (111 p.) |
| Disciplina | 338.94 |
| Collana | Europe and Central Asia Studies |
| Soggetto topico |
Economic development - Europe
Economic development - Asia, Central |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN | 1-4648-0267-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; What Is the Trend in Shared Prosperity in the Region?; How Is Shared Prosperity Achieved? What Are Its Determinants?; Who Are the People in the Bottom 40 in the Region?; What Can We Do to Boost Shared Prosperity?; References; 1. Introduction; Notes; References; 2. Shared Prosperity in Europe and Central Asia: Recent Trends; Figures; 2.1 Rates of Growth of the Bottom 40 Were Heterogeneous, but, on Average, Good across Europe and Central Asia in 2005-10
2.2 Shared Prosperity in Europe and Central Asia Has Achieved Results Close to Those of the Top Performers 2.3 In Terms of Shared Prosperity, the Largest Countries Have Performed Particularly Well in Europe and Central Asia; 2.4 In Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe and Central Asia, and East Asia and the Pacific, Income Growth among the Bottom 40 Has Been Stronger Than Mean Income Growth; 2.5 Growth of GDP Alone Does Not Explain the Growth in Bottom 40 Incomes; Boxes; 2.1 Comparing the Bottom 40 and the Top 60 in the Microdata B 2.1.1 Bottom 40 versus Top 60: During the Steady Growth Period, Growth Rates Were Similar for the Two Groups B 2.1.2 Bottom 40 versus Top 60: During the Cyclical Period, the Bottom 40 Outperformed the Top 60; 2.6 Growth Incidence Curves Show the Diverse Growth Patterns in Europe and Central Asia; Note; References; 2.7 Some Countries Face a Greater Challenge in Closing the Income Gap between the Bottom 40 and the Top 60; 3. The Drivers of Shared Prosperity; An Asset-Based Framework; 3.1 The Asset-Based Approach and the Joint Determination of Growth and Distribution 3.1 The Asset-Based Approach: The Stories of Mariam and Emre Tables; B3.1.1 The Asset-Based Approach: The Stories of Mariam and Emre; 3.2 Constrained Social Capital and the Bottom 40: The Case of Displaced Persons; Labor Market Income, Nonmarket Income, and Growth Incidence; 3.2 Human Capital Is a Key Asset in Income Generation; 3.3 Household Dependency on Pensions Tends to Be High in the Region; 3.4 Social Assistance Is an Important Source of Income for the Bottom 40 in Selected Countries; 3.5 The Tertiary Education Gap between the Top 60 and the Bottom 40 Is Large in All Countries 3.6 Fewer People in the Top 60 Relative to the Bottom 40 Have Only Primary Education 3.7 People in the Bottom 40 Are More Likely Than People in the Top 60 to Be Unemployed; 3.8 Households in the Bottom 40 Have More Dependents; 3.9 Better Asset Holdings and More Intense Use of Assets Are Associated with Stronger Growth among the Bottom 40; 3.10 The Aged Dependency Ratio and Income Growth among the Bottom 40 Show a Negative Relation; 3.11 Differences in Asset Holdings and in Asset Use Help Explain Differences in Bottom 40 Performance 3.12 The High Dependency on Transfers of the Bottom 40 in Romania, 2007-10 |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910464170303321 |
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Bussolo Maurizio
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||
| Washington, District of Columbia : , : World Bank, , 2014 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Toward a New Social Contract : : Taking on Distributional Tensions in Europe and Central Asia / / Maurizio Bussolo
| Toward a New Social Contract : : Taking on Distributional Tensions in Europe and Central Asia / / Maurizio Bussolo |
| Autore | Bussolo Maurizio |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : The World Bank, , 2018 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (248 pages) |
| Disciplina | 330.94055 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | BussoloMaurizio |
| Collana | Europe and Central Asia Studies. |
| Soggetto topico |
Employment
Globalism Inequality Inequality Trap Middle Class Pensions Populism Social Contract Social Safety Nets Technological Change Technology |
| ISBN | 1-4648-1354-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- About the Authors and Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Regional Classifications Used in This Report -- Overview -- Distributional Tensions and the Need to Rethink the Social Contract -- Equity: A Key Aspiration in the Region -- Balancing Markets, Policies, and Preferences -- The Market-Generated Distribution of Incomes -- Public Policy Responses -- Preferences for Equity -- Fissures in the Social Contract -- Looking Ahead: Public Policies for a Stable Social Contract -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 1 Introduction -- Emerging Distributional Tensions in Europe and Central Asia -- The Potential Implications for the Social Contract -- Is a Rethinking of the Social Contract in the Region Warranted? -- Notes -- References -- 2 Are Distributional Tensions Brewing in Europe and Central Asia? -- Inequality across Individuals in Europe and Central Asia -- Labor Market Polarization and the Shifting Demand for Skills -- An Increasing Generational Divide, and the Young Are Losing Ground -- Persistent Spatial Disparities across the Region -- Rising Inequality of Opportunity, Particularly in the East -- Distributional Tensions and the Path to a Middle-Class Society -- Annex 2A. Statistical Tables -- Notes -- References -- 3 Are Public Policies Equipped to Respond to Distributional Tensions? -- Labor Markets Are Changing, and Policy Is Not Ensuring Equal Protection -- The Impact of Tax and Transfer Systems on Income Redistribution -- Limited Labor Mobility Affects the Opportunities in High-Productivity Areas -- Annex 3A. Decomposition Analysis: Drivers of Change in Redistribution -- Annex 3B. Policy Changes That Have Contributed to Redistribution -- Annex 3C. The Impact of Taxes and Transfers on Redistribution -- Notes -- References.
4 The Social Contract: Do Distributional Tensions Matter? -- Introduction -- The Third Component of the Social Contract: The Preference for Equity -- There Are Fissures in the Social Contract in the Region -- Notes -- References -- 5 How Can the Stability of the Social Contract Be Restored? -- Introduction -- Promoting Growth and Protecting People -- Extending Social Protection to Everyone -- More Progressive Taxation -- Reducing Inequality of Opportunity through Improved Services -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- 2.1 Horizontal Inequality -- 2.2 Construction of Occupational Categories -- 2.3 Decomposing the Change in Wages: The Role of Occupational Change -- 2.4 Teachers and Drivers: Low Wages in High-Skill Occupations in the Former Soviet Union Economies -- 2.5 The Changing Education and Task Profile of Nonstandard Employment -- 2.6 A Closer Look at Spatial Disparities in the Russian Federation -- 2.7 Calculating Measures of Intergenerational Mobility -- 2.8 Defining the Middle Class -- 2.9 Defining the Absolute Middle-Class Threshold, a Vulnerability Approach -- 3.1 Labor Market Institutions Pick the Winners, France versus the United States -- 3.2 Italy: Toward One Type of Employment Contract -- 3.3 Housing and Labor Mobility Constraints in Kazakhstan -- 4.1 Preferences for Equity and Demand for Redistribution, a Brief Digression -- 5.1 The Perils of Excessive Employment Protection -- 5.2 Helping Displaced Workers through Active Labor Market Programs -- 5.3 Progressive Universalism -- 5.4 Types of Social Assistance Cash Transfers -- 5.5 Distributional and Fiscal Effects of a UBI, Selected EU Countries -- 5.6 Should Taxes Be Higher on Capital Income or on Wealth? -- Figures -- O. 1 The social contract as a dynamic equilibrium -- O.2 Distributional tensions along four dimensions are explored. O.3 Income inequality is much higher among cohorts born in the 1980s -- O.4 The employment share of routine task-intensive occupations has fallen in Europe -- O.5 The share of employment, by occupational category, early 2000s to mid-2010s -- O.6 Between-region spatial inequalities within countries have increased in the European Union -- O.7 The middle class in the European Union has become more vulnerable -- O.8 Measured changes in inequality explain little of the demand for redistribution -- O.9 Perceived inequality correlates strongly with the demand for redistribution -- O.10 At any decile of consumption, individuals more likely feel poor when they are not in full-time employment -- 1.1 Income inequality is lower in Europe and Central Asia than in most of the rest of the world -- 1.2 The social contract as a dynamic equilibrium -- 1.3 Distributional tensions along four dimensions are explored -- 2.1 Trends in income inequality, European Union, 1988-2015 -- 2.2 Trends in consumption inequality, former Soviet Union economies, Turkey, and Western Balkans, 1988-2013 -- 2.3 Gini index adjusted for the top incomes, 2011 -- 2.4 The number of billionaires and their net worth have increased -- 2.5 The declining share of labor income, particularly in transition economies -- 2.6 The employment share in routine task-intensive occupations has fallen in Europe -- 2.7 The share of employment, by occupational category, early 2000s to mid-2010s -- 2.8 Changes in wages, Germany, Poland, and Spain, 1990s to 2013 -- 2.9 Wage changes, Georgia, Kyrgyz Republic, Russian Federation, and Turkey, 1990s to 2010s -- B2.4.1 Distribution of teaching professionals, drivers, and mobile plant operators, initial year -- 2.10 Nonstandard employment (NSE) has expanded in most of Europe and Central Asia. 2.11 The composition of nonstandard employment differs in countries and regions -- B2.5.1 Changes in the education profile of workers, by employment type -- B2.5.2 Changes in task content, by employment type -- 2.12 Rising nonstandard employment (NSE), Southern and Western Europe -- 2.13 Rising nonstandard employment (NSE), Central and Northern Europe -- 2.14 Average job tenure has been mostly stable in Europe and Central Asia -- 2.15 Tenure is decreasing among the young, but less among the middle and older age-groups -- 2.16 Household income, by age of household head, Western, Northern, and Southern Europe -- 2.17 Household income, by age of household head, Central Europe, Baltic States, Russian Federation, and Turkey -- 2.18 Average annual earnings, 30-34 age-group, Southern Europe, 2004-14 -- 2.19 Average annual earnings, 30-34 age-group, Western Europe, 2004-14 -- 2.20 Average annual earnings, 30-34 age-group, Central Europe, 2004-14 -- 2.21 Average annual earnings, 30-34 age-group, Northern Europe, 2004-14 -- 2.22 Income inequality is much higher among cohorts born in the 1980s -- 2.23 Spatial disparities in welfare are not uncommon in the region -- 2.24 Gaps between urban and rural areas are largest in Georgia and Tajikistan and are negative only in Greece -- 2.25 Between-region inequality has widened in some countries -- 2.26 Inequality between urban and rural areas has increased in some countries -- 2.27 Gaps in mean consumption, circa 2003-13 -- 2.28 Between-region spatial inequalities within countries have increased in the European Union -- 2.29 Regional disparities in disposable income rose, were unchanged, or declined -- 2.30 The spatial dispersion of poverty rates has increased -- 2.31 Differences in characteristics and in returns to characteristics help explain welfare gaps across geographical areas, circa 2013. 2.32 Gaps in PISA reading scores: often equivalent to a year of schooling, urban and rural areas -- 2.33 Moldova: indicators of service quality, by region, 2013 -- 2.34 Income inequality, Europe, 2005 and 2011 -- 2.35 Trends in inequality of opportunity: France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom -- 2.36 Decomposition of inequality of opportunity in age and cohort effects, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom -- 2.37 Decomposition of inequality of opportunity -- 2.38 Income inequality and inequality of opportunity in obtaining income -- 2.39 Inequality of opportunity in tertiary education -- 2.40 Intergenerational persistence in education, Europe and Central Asia -- 2.41 Trends in the relative size of the middle class, Europe and Central Asia -- 2.42 Income classes, subregions of Europe and Central Asia, excluding the EU15 -- 2.43 Age-groups along the income distribution -- 2.44 Cumulative change in the share of people living in single-adult households, by country -- 2.45 Change in the share of people living in single-adult households, by income, France, Italy, Poland -- 2.46 The decline in single-breadwinner households across the region -- 2.47 The middle class in the European Union has become more vulnerable -- B2.9.1 The vulnerability-income function: identifying the middle-class threshold -- 2.48 The profile of those vulnerable to poverty now looks like the middle class of yesterday -- 3.1 Union membership -- 3.2 Employment protection and job quality, Europe and Central Asia versus the rest of the world -- 3.3 Employment protection differs within the region and has shifted -- 3.4 Protections governing contracts, Central Asia and OECD Europe, 1990-2009 -- 3.5 Spending on labor market interventions varies across the region -- 3.6 Employment protection, by contract type, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. 3.7 Employment structure, selected countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910793394003321 |
|
Bussolo Maurizio
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : The World Bank, , 2018 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Toward a New Social Contract : : Taking on Distributional Tensions in Europe and Central Asia / / Maurizio Bussolo
| Toward a New Social Contract : : Taking on Distributional Tensions in Europe and Central Asia / / Maurizio Bussolo |
| Autore | Bussolo Maurizio |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : The World Bank, , 2018 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (248 pages) |
| Disciplina | 330.94055 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | BussoloMaurizio |
| Collana | Europe and Central Asia Studies. |
| Soggetto topico |
Employment
Globalism Inequality Inequality Trap Middle Class Pensions Populism Social Contract Social Safety Nets Technological Change Technology |
| ISBN | 1-4648-1354-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- About the Authors and Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Regional Classifications Used in This Report -- Overview -- Distributional Tensions and the Need to Rethink the Social Contract -- Equity: A Key Aspiration in the Region -- Balancing Markets, Policies, and Preferences -- The Market-Generated Distribution of Incomes -- Public Policy Responses -- Preferences for Equity -- Fissures in the Social Contract -- Looking Ahead: Public Policies for a Stable Social Contract -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 1 Introduction -- Emerging Distributional Tensions in Europe and Central Asia -- The Potential Implications for the Social Contract -- Is a Rethinking of the Social Contract in the Region Warranted? -- Notes -- References -- 2 Are Distributional Tensions Brewing in Europe and Central Asia? -- Inequality across Individuals in Europe and Central Asia -- Labor Market Polarization and the Shifting Demand for Skills -- An Increasing Generational Divide, and the Young Are Losing Ground -- Persistent Spatial Disparities across the Region -- Rising Inequality of Opportunity, Particularly in the East -- Distributional Tensions and the Path to a Middle-Class Society -- Annex 2A. Statistical Tables -- Notes -- References -- 3 Are Public Policies Equipped to Respond to Distributional Tensions? -- Labor Markets Are Changing, and Policy Is Not Ensuring Equal Protection -- The Impact of Tax and Transfer Systems on Income Redistribution -- Limited Labor Mobility Affects the Opportunities in High-Productivity Areas -- Annex 3A. Decomposition Analysis: Drivers of Change in Redistribution -- Annex 3B. Policy Changes That Have Contributed to Redistribution -- Annex 3C. The Impact of Taxes and Transfers on Redistribution -- Notes -- References.
4 The Social Contract: Do Distributional Tensions Matter? -- Introduction -- The Third Component of the Social Contract: The Preference for Equity -- There Are Fissures in the Social Contract in the Region -- Notes -- References -- 5 How Can the Stability of the Social Contract Be Restored? -- Introduction -- Promoting Growth and Protecting People -- Extending Social Protection to Everyone -- More Progressive Taxation -- Reducing Inequality of Opportunity through Improved Services -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- 2.1 Horizontal Inequality -- 2.2 Construction of Occupational Categories -- 2.3 Decomposing the Change in Wages: The Role of Occupational Change -- 2.4 Teachers and Drivers: Low Wages in High-Skill Occupations in the Former Soviet Union Economies -- 2.5 The Changing Education and Task Profile of Nonstandard Employment -- 2.6 A Closer Look at Spatial Disparities in the Russian Federation -- 2.7 Calculating Measures of Intergenerational Mobility -- 2.8 Defining the Middle Class -- 2.9 Defining the Absolute Middle-Class Threshold, a Vulnerability Approach -- 3.1 Labor Market Institutions Pick the Winners, France versus the United States -- 3.2 Italy: Toward One Type of Employment Contract -- 3.3 Housing and Labor Mobility Constraints in Kazakhstan -- 4.1 Preferences for Equity and Demand for Redistribution, a Brief Digression -- 5.1 The Perils of Excessive Employment Protection -- 5.2 Helping Displaced Workers through Active Labor Market Programs -- 5.3 Progressive Universalism -- 5.4 Types of Social Assistance Cash Transfers -- 5.5 Distributional and Fiscal Effects of a UBI, Selected EU Countries -- 5.6 Should Taxes Be Higher on Capital Income or on Wealth? -- Figures -- O. 1 The social contract as a dynamic equilibrium -- O.2 Distributional tensions along four dimensions are explored. O.3 Income inequality is much higher among cohorts born in the 1980s -- O.4 The employment share of routine task-intensive occupations has fallen in Europe -- O.5 The share of employment, by occupational category, early 2000s to mid-2010s -- O.6 Between-region spatial inequalities within countries have increased in the European Union -- O.7 The middle class in the European Union has become more vulnerable -- O.8 Measured changes in inequality explain little of the demand for redistribution -- O.9 Perceived inequality correlates strongly with the demand for redistribution -- O.10 At any decile of consumption, individuals more likely feel poor when they are not in full-time employment -- 1.1 Income inequality is lower in Europe and Central Asia than in most of the rest of the world -- 1.2 The social contract as a dynamic equilibrium -- 1.3 Distributional tensions along four dimensions are explored -- 2.1 Trends in income inequality, European Union, 1988-2015 -- 2.2 Trends in consumption inequality, former Soviet Union economies, Turkey, and Western Balkans, 1988-2013 -- 2.3 Gini index adjusted for the top incomes, 2011 -- 2.4 The number of billionaires and their net worth have increased -- 2.5 The declining share of labor income, particularly in transition economies -- 2.6 The employment share in routine task-intensive occupations has fallen in Europe -- 2.7 The share of employment, by occupational category, early 2000s to mid-2010s -- 2.8 Changes in wages, Germany, Poland, and Spain, 1990s to 2013 -- 2.9 Wage changes, Georgia, Kyrgyz Republic, Russian Federation, and Turkey, 1990s to 2010s -- B2.4.1 Distribution of teaching professionals, drivers, and mobile plant operators, initial year -- 2.10 Nonstandard employment (NSE) has expanded in most of Europe and Central Asia. 2.11 The composition of nonstandard employment differs in countries and regions -- B2.5.1 Changes in the education profile of workers, by employment type -- B2.5.2 Changes in task content, by employment type -- 2.12 Rising nonstandard employment (NSE), Southern and Western Europe -- 2.13 Rising nonstandard employment (NSE), Central and Northern Europe -- 2.14 Average job tenure has been mostly stable in Europe and Central Asia -- 2.15 Tenure is decreasing among the young, but less among the middle and older age-groups -- 2.16 Household income, by age of household head, Western, Northern, and Southern Europe -- 2.17 Household income, by age of household head, Central Europe, Baltic States, Russian Federation, and Turkey -- 2.18 Average annual earnings, 30-34 age-group, Southern Europe, 2004-14 -- 2.19 Average annual earnings, 30-34 age-group, Western Europe, 2004-14 -- 2.20 Average annual earnings, 30-34 age-group, Central Europe, 2004-14 -- 2.21 Average annual earnings, 30-34 age-group, Northern Europe, 2004-14 -- 2.22 Income inequality is much higher among cohorts born in the 1980s -- 2.23 Spatial disparities in welfare are not uncommon in the region -- 2.24 Gaps between urban and rural areas are largest in Georgia and Tajikistan and are negative only in Greece -- 2.25 Between-region inequality has widened in some countries -- 2.26 Inequality between urban and rural areas has increased in some countries -- 2.27 Gaps in mean consumption, circa 2003-13 -- 2.28 Between-region spatial inequalities within countries have increased in the European Union -- 2.29 Regional disparities in disposable income rose, were unchanged, or declined -- 2.30 The spatial dispersion of poverty rates has increased -- 2.31 Differences in characteristics and in returns to characteristics help explain welfare gaps across geographical areas, circa 2013. 2.32 Gaps in PISA reading scores: often equivalent to a year of schooling, urban and rural areas -- 2.33 Moldova: indicators of service quality, by region, 2013 -- 2.34 Income inequality, Europe, 2005 and 2011 -- 2.35 Trends in inequality of opportunity: France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom -- 2.36 Decomposition of inequality of opportunity in age and cohort effects, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom -- 2.37 Decomposition of inequality of opportunity -- 2.38 Income inequality and inequality of opportunity in obtaining income -- 2.39 Inequality of opportunity in tertiary education -- 2.40 Intergenerational persistence in education, Europe and Central Asia -- 2.41 Trends in the relative size of the middle class, Europe and Central Asia -- 2.42 Income classes, subregions of Europe and Central Asia, excluding the EU15 -- 2.43 Age-groups along the income distribution -- 2.44 Cumulative change in the share of people living in single-adult households, by country -- 2.45 Change in the share of people living in single-adult households, by income, France, Italy, Poland -- 2.46 The decline in single-breadwinner households across the region -- 2.47 The middle class in the European Union has become more vulnerable -- B2.9.1 The vulnerability-income function: identifying the middle-class threshold -- 2.48 The profile of those vulnerable to poverty now looks like the middle class of yesterday -- 3.1 Union membership -- 3.2 Employment protection and job quality, Europe and Central Asia versus the rest of the world -- 3.3 Employment protection differs within the region and has shifted -- 3.4 Protections governing contracts, Central Asia and OECD Europe, 1990-2009 -- 3.5 Spending on labor market interventions varies across the region -- 3.6 Employment protection, by contract type, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. 3.7 Employment structure, selected countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910806885303321 |
|
Bussolo Maurizio
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : The World Bank, , 2018 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||